Air Quality and Wood Stoves
Burning wood is a primary source of heat for many Alaskans. However, burning this fuel source can take a toll on human health if certain guidelines are not followed. Sometimes the poor quality in Fairbanks makes the news, the ADN article and the LA Times article.
The smoke from the incomplete combustion of wood in woodstoves and fireplaces contains a complex mixture of gas and particles (over 100 different chemical compounds), many of which are harmful and potentially carcinogenic to health and the environment. Of particular concern are fine particulate matter (PM 2.5- particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers including black carbon, which can affect both lungs and heart), nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (VOC's), dioxins, furans and benzene.
In the winter, people spend more time indoors and are affected by the smoke. Inversions outside can also occur when temperatures drop, trapping toxic fumes near the ground where people are exposed. Smoke produced from wood stoves and fireplaces is a public health risk.
For access to the Fairbanks North Star Borough Air Quality website, click here
For access to the air quality map, click here
Health risks from particle pollution exposure includes:
increased respiratory symptoms; irritation of the airways, coughing, or difficulty breathing;
decreased lung function;
aggravated asthma;
development of chronic bronchitis;
irregular heartbeat;
nonfatal heart attacks;
premature death in people with heart or lung disease.
People with heart or lung disease, the elderly and young are particularly susceptible to pollution exposure from wood stoves but even healthy people may experience temporary symptoms from exposure to elevated levels of particle pollution.
EPA issued standards of performance for new wood stoves in 1988 (7.5 grams of smoke per hour (g/h) for non-catalytic stoves and 4.1 g/h for catalytic) and updated these standards in 2015 (2 to 2.5 g/h for both catalytic and non-catalytic stoves) for new stoves produced after 2015. It is estimated that PM 2.5 and VOC emissions from wood stoves covered by the rules will drop almost 70%. Carbon monoxide emissions will be reduced by about 62%. By 2020, even cleaner models of wood stoves will be manufactured.
To protect your health and the health of your loved ones, there are key steps you can take.
Make sure your wood stove is EPA-certified.
Make sure your wood stove is properly installed.
Choose proper fuel: Only dry, untreated wood is acceptable to burn (water content less than 20%)
never use wet or freshly cut wood
season your wood for 6 months to a year or so depending on wood used.
use properly sized wood depending on your stove size
split wood to a maximum thickness of 4-6 inches.
never burn household waste
Use proper burning techniques
start with a small fire using kindling, damper open
carefully control airflow
get fire hot enough to burn off gases being produced.
Maintain stove, checking for leaks and have chimney cleaned annually.
Reduce the amount of firewood used by making your house more energy efficient